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Glossary |
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AMPS |
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Advanced Mobile Phone System, an analog
standard for wireless service. |
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Accessories |
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Mechanical devices, such as cable
clamps, added to connector shells and
other such hardware which is
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attachable to connectors to make up
the total connector configuration.
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A/D |
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Analog-to-digital. |
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Alloy |
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A mixture of two or more metals combined to
achieve properties, such as a lower melting
point or greater |
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strength, that the individual metals do not
possess. |
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Ambient |
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The atmospheric conditions surrounding a given item.
Normally in terms of factors which influence or |
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modify, such as temperature, humidity, etc. |
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Amplitude |
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The magnitude of variation in a changing quantity from
its zero value. The word required modification - as
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with adjectives such as peak,
maximum, rms, etc. - to designate the specific amplitude
in question. |
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Back Mounted (rear mounting) |
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When a connector is mounted from the inside of a panel
or box with its mounting flange inside the |
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equipment. |
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Backplane Panels |
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An interconnection panel into which PCB cards or other
panels can be plugged. These panels come in a |
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variety of designs ranging from a PC
motherboard to individual connectors mounted in a metal
frame. |
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Panels lend themselves to automated wiring. |
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Bandwidth |
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The range of frequencies for which performance falls
within specific limits. |
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Base Material |
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Metal from which the connector, contact or other piece
part accessory is made and on which one or more |
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metals or coatings may be deposited. |
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Baonet Coupling |
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A quick coupling device for plug and receptacle
connectors, accomplished by rotation of a cam operating
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device
designed to bring the connector halves together. |
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B-CDMA |
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Broadband - Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) |
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Bending Radius |
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The mnimum permissible radius for fixed installation of
the cable. This radius is mainly used in climatic |
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tests.
Minimum dynamic: The minimum permissible radius for
flexible applications of the cable. |
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BNC |
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Coaxial connector with bayonet coupling mechanism.
Available in 50 Ohm and 75 Ohm versions. |
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Frequency range DC - 4 GHz (50 Ohm) and DC-1 GHz (75
Ohm), respectively. Named after Amphenol |
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Engineer Carl Concelman, and Bell Labs Engineer Paul
Neill. |
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Body |
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Main, or largest, portion of a connector to which other
portions are attached. |
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Braid |
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Woven wire used as sheilding for insulated wires and
coaxial cables. Also, a woven fibrous protective outer
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covering over a conductor or cable. |
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Braid Coverage |
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A calculated percentage which defines the completeness
with which a braid or shield covers the surface of
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the underlying component. |
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Bulkhead |
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A term used to define a mounting style of connectors.
Bulkhead connectors are designed to be inserted into
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a panel cutout from the
rear (component side) or front side of the panel. |
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Butted Contact |
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When two conductors come together end-to-end, but do not
overlap, with their axis in line. |
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Cable Assembly |
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A completed cable and its associated hardware (e.g.
connector). |
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Capacitance |
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The property of an electrical conductor (dielectric in a
capacitor) that permits the storage of energy as a
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result of electrical displacement.
The basic unit of capacitance is the Farad, however
measurement is more |
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commonly in microfarads or picofarads. |
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Closed Entry Contact |
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A specially designed connector interface which controls
the entry of the male pin from damaging the female
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contact. |
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Coaxial Cable |
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A transmission line consisting of two concentric
conductors insulated from each other. In its flexible
form it |
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consists of either a solid or
stranded center conductor surrounded by a dielectric. A
braid is then woven over |
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the dielectric to form an outer conductor. A
protective plastic covering is placed on top of the
braid. |
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Contact |
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The conducting part of an interconnect at the interface
between the connector and the lead on the device |
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being connected. |
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Contact Alignment |
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Defines the overall radial play which contacts shall
have within the insert cavity so as to permit self- |
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alignment of mated contacts.
Sometimes referred to as amount of contact float. |
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Contact Cavity |
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A defined hole in the connector insert or housing into
which the contact must fit. |
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Contact Durability |
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The number of insertion and withdrawal cycles that a
connector must be capable of withstanding while |
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remaining
within the
performance levels of the applicable specification.
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Contact Engaging & Separating Force |
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Force needed to either engage or separate pins and
socket contacts when they are in and out of connector
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inserts.
Values are generally established for maximum and minimum
forces. Performance acceptance |
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levels vary by specification and/or customer
requirements. |
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Contact Plating |
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Deposited metal applied to the basic contact metal to
provide the required contact-resistance and/or wear- |
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resistance. |
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Contact Pressure |
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Force which mating surfaces exert against one another.
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Contact Resistance |
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Measurement of electrical resistance of mated contacts
when assembled in a connector under typical |
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service use. Electrical resistance is
determined by measuring from the rear of the electrical
area of one |
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contact to the rear of the mating contact (excluding
both crimps) while carrying a specified test current.
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Contact Retention |
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Defines minimum axial load in either direction which a
contact must withstand while remaining firmly fixed
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in its normal position within a
an insert. |
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Convection |
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The transfer of heat by movement of hot air. Often used
in conjunction with infrared radiation to reduce the
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effect of IR shadowing. |
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Coplanarity |
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The distance between the lowest and highest lead when
the connector is laying in its seating plane. |
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Crimp |
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Act of compressing (deforming) a connector ferrule
around a cable in order to make an electrical |
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connection. |
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Crimping Dies |
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A term used to identify the shaping tools that, when
moved toward each other, produce a certain desirable
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shape to the barrel of the terminal
or contact that has been placed between them. Crimping
dies are often |
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referred to as die sets or as die inserts. |
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Crimping Termination |
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Connection in which a metal sleeve is secured to a
conductor by mechanically crimping the sleeve with
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pliers, presses or crimp dies. |
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Crimping Tool |
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A term commonly used to identify a hand held mechanical
device or table press that is used to crimp a |
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contact, terminal or spice. |
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CTIA |
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Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association. |
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Cut-off Frequency (fc) |
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The frequency, above which other than the TEM mode may
occur. The transmission characteristics of |
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cables above their cutoff
frequency may be unstable. |
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Cycle |
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One complete sequence of values of an alternating
quantity, including a rise to maximum in one direction
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and of return to zero. The
number of cycles occuring in one second is called the
frequency. |
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Dielectric |
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In a coaxial cable, the insulation between inner and
outer conductor. It significantly influences electrical
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characteristics such as
impedance, capacitance, and velocity of propagation.
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Dielectric Constant |
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Electrical property of a material that describes its
behavior in an electric field. The dielectric constant
of the |
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dielectric is the most important
design parameter for coaxial cables and determines
dimensions, losses |
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and propagation characteristics. |
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Dielectric Loss |
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In a coaxial cable, the losses caused by transformation
of electromagnetic energy into heat within the |
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dielectric material. |
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Dielectric Strength |
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The voltage which an insulating material can withstand
before breakdown occurs. |
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Dielecric Withstanding Voltage |
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The maximum potential gradient that a dielectric
material can withstand without failure. |
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Digital |
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Pertaining to the utilization of discreet integral
numbers in a given base to represent all the quantities
that |
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occur in a problem or a calculation.
It is possible to express in digital form all
information stores, transferred |
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or processed by a dual-state condition; e.g., onoff
open-closed
and true-false. (2) Compare with analog. |
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Dust Cap |
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A device attached to a connector to provide protection
against dust and foreign debris. |
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Distortion |
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An unwanted change or addition to a signal or waveform
when it is amplified. This definition excludes noise
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which is an extraneous signal
super-imposed on the desired signal. |
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Direct Current (DC) |
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An electric current which flows in only one direction.
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Ferrule |
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A short tube to make solderless connections to shielded
or coaxial cable (e.g. as in crimping). |
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Flange |
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A projection extending from, or around the periphery of,
a connector and provided with holes to permit |
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mounting the connector to a
panel, or to another mating connector half. |
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Footprint |
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The pattern on the printed circuit board to which the
leads on a surface mount component are mated. Also
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called a land or a pad. |
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Frequency Modulation (fm) |
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A scheme for modulating a carrier frequency in which the
amplitude remains constant but the carrier |
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frequency is displaced in frequency
proportionally to the amplitude of the modulating
signal. An fm |
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broadcast is practically immune to atmospheric and
manmade interference. |
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Fretting Corrosion |
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A form of accelerated oxidation that appears at the
interface of contacting materials undergoing slight
cyclic |
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relative motion. All nonnoble
metals (tin) are susceptible to some degree of fretting
corrosion and will suffer |
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contact resistance increases. |
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Front Mounted (front mounting) |
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A connector is front mounted when it is attached to the
outside or mating side of a panel. A front mounted
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connector can only be installed or
removed from the outside of the equipment. |
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Back
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GPS |
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Global Positioning System |
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GSM |
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Global System for Mobile communication, a digital
standard for wireless service for high-performance cell
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phones; European and
defacto world standard. |
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Heat Shock |
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Test to determine the stability of a material when
exposed to a sudden high temperature change for a short
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period of time. |
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Heat Treating |
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A process that uses precise heating and tooling of
metals in order to optimize internal stresses and spring
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properties. |
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Hermetic Seal |
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Hermetically sealed connectors provide contacts bonded
to the connector by glass. They permit maximum |
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leakage rate of gas through the
connector of 1.0 micron ft/hr at one atmosphere pressure
for special |
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applications. |
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Hertz (Hz) |
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International standard term for cycles per second. Named
after the German physicist Heinrich R. Hertz (e.g.
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60 cycles per second is equal to
60 hertz or 60 Hz). |
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Back
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IEEE |
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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
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Impedance (characteristic, Z0) |
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Characteristic property of a transmission line
describing the ratio between electric and magnetic
fields. |
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Impedance Match |
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A condition in which the impedance of a component or
circuit is equal to the internal impedance of a |
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transmission line. This gives maximum
transfer of energy from the source to the load, as well
as minimum |
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reflection and distortion. |
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Inductance |
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The property of a circuit or circuit element that
opposes a change in current flow, thus causing current
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changes to lag behind voltage changes.
It is measured in Henrys. |
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Insert |
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The part which holds the contacts in their proper
arrangement and electrically insulates them from each
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other and from the shell. |
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Insertion Loss |
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The loss in load power due to the insertion of a
component, connector or devise at some point in a RF
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transmission system. Generally
expressed in decibels as the ratio of the power received
at the load before |
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insertion of the apparatus, to the power received at the
load after
insertion (for more information please refer |
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to Appendix). |
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Insulation |
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A material having high resistance to the flow of
electric current. Often called a dielectric in RF cable.
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Insulation Resistance |
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The electrical resistance of the insulating material
(determined under specified conditions) between any
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pair of contacts, conductors,
or grounding device in various combinations. |
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Interconnection |
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Mechanically joining assemblies together to complete
electrical circuits. |
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Interface |
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The two surfaces on the contact side of both halves of a
multiple-contact connector which face each other |
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when the connector is
assembled. |
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Interference |
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An electrical or electromagnetic disturbance that causes
undesirable response in electronic equipment. |
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Intermodulation (IMD) |
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A phenomenon that occurs when two or more fundamental
frequencies are present in an electronic circuit. |
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ISO |
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International Standards Organization. |
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Back
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Jack |
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A connecting device into which a plug can be inserted to
make circuit connections. The jack may also have |
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contacts which open or
close to perform switching functions when the plug is
inserted or removed. See |
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also: receptacle. |
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Jacket |
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An outer non-metallic protective cover applied over an
insulated wire or cable. |
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LAN |
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Local Area Network. A data communication network
confined to a limited geographic area (up to 6 miles or
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about 10 kilometers). |
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Levels of Interconnection |
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Device to board or chassis. The connection point between
components (tubes, transistors, IC packages) |
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and the PC board or chassis.
Board to motherboard or backplane. The connection point
between PC |
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boards or sub-circuit modules and the motherboard or a
backplane
Board. |
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Backplane wiring. Connections between levels to each
other and to other sub-circuits. Input/output. |
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Connections for power and signals
into and out of a system. Connections may be between
subassemblies |
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within the same enclosure or between individual units. |
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Line Impedance |
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Impedance as measured across the terminals of a
transmission line; frequently the characteristic |
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impedance of the line. |
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Low Noise Cable |
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Cable specially constructed to avoid spurious electrical
disturbances caused by mechanical movements. |
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Back
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Mating Face Seal |
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A mating face seal is a seal preventing the passage of
moisture or gases into or out of the connecting |
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interface of two connectors in
mated condition. |
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MCX (Micro coaxial) |
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Micro coaxial connector with snap on coupling mechanism.
Available in 50 ohm and 75 ohm versions. |
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Frequency range DC - 6 GHZ. |
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MHV (Miniature High Voltage) |
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Coaxial connector with bayonet coupling mechanism.
Working voltage 2.2 kV DC. |
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Microwave |
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That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum lying
between the far infrared and conventional radio
frequency |
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range. The microwave
frequency range extends from 1 GHz to 300 GHz.
Microwaves are usually used in |
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point-to-point communications because they are
easily concentrated into a beam. |
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Microstrip |
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A type of transmission line configuration which consists
of a conductor over a parallel ground plane, and |
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separately by a dielectric. |
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MMCX |
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Miniature Microcoax connector with snap on coupling
mechanism. Available in 50 ohm and 75 ohm |
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versions. Frequency range DC - 6 GHz. |
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Moisture Resistance |
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The ability of a material to resist absorbing moisture
from the air or when immersed in water. |
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Motherboard |
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A printed board used for interconnecting arrays of
plug-in electronic modules. |
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N (Neill) |
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Coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism.
Available in 50 ohm and 75 ohm version. |
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Frequency range DC - 18 GHz (50ohm) and
DC-1 GHz (75 ohm), respectively. |
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Noise |
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Random electrical signals, generated by circuit
components or by natural disturbances. |
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OEM |
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Original Equipment Manufacturer. |
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Ohm |
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The unit of measurement for electrical resistance. A
circuit is said to have a resistance of one ohm when an
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applied emf of one volt causes a
current of one ampere to flow. |
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Back
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Panel Seal |
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A panel seal is a seal preventing the passage of
moisture or gases through the gap between the mounting
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hole of the panel and the
connector body of the fixed connector. |
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Pin Contact |
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A male type contact, usually designed to mate with a
socket or female contact. It is normally connected to
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the "dead" side of a circuit. |
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Plug |
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In coaxial RF connectors the plug is usually the movable
portion, and is usually attached to a cable or |
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removable assembly. Plugs
mate with receptacles, jacks, outlets, etc. |
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Press-Fit Contact |
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An electrical contact which can be pressed into a hole
in an insulator, printed board (with or without plated- |
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through holes), or a metal plate. |
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Printed Circuit Board (PCB) |
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An epoxy glass and metal composite on which circuits are
etched and to which active, passive and |
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hardware components are attached.
Also called PCB or PC Board. |
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Receptacle |
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Usually the fixed or stationary half of a two-piece
multiple contact connector. Also the connector half
usually |
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mounted on a panel and containing
socket (female) contacts. |
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RF |
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Radio frequency. |
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Back
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Screening Effectiveness |
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Ratio of the power fed into a coaxial cable to the power
transmitted by the cable through the outer conductor.
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Screw Machine Contact |
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A contact which is machined from solid bar stock. |
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Semi-Rigid |
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A cable containing a flexible inner core and a
relatively inflexible sheathing. |
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Shielding |
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The metal sleeve surrounding one or more of the
conductors, in a wire circuit to prevent interference,
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interaction or current leakage. |
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SMA (Subminiature A) |
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50 ohm - subminiature coaxial connector with screw type
coupling mechanism. Frequency range DC-18 |
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GHz. |
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SMB (Subminiature B) |
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Subminiature coaxial connector with snap-on coupling
mechanism. Frequency range DC - 4 GHz. |
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SMC (Subminiature C) |
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Subminiature coaxial connector with screw type coupling
mechanism. Frequency range DC - 10 GHz. |
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Snap on |
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Used to describe the easy removal or assembly of one
part to another. A connector containing socket |
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(female) contacts into which a plug
connector having male contacts is inserted. |
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Solder Contact |
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A contact or terminal with a cup, hollow cylinder,
eyelet or hood to accept a wire for a conventional
soldered |
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termination. |
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Surface Mount Technology(SMT) |
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The process of assembling printed circuit boards with
components soldered to the surface rather than |
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fastened to printed circuit board
through-holes. |
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Back
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TNC (Threaded Neill Concelman)
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Coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism.
Available in 50 ohm and 75 ohm versions. |
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Frequency range DC - 11 GHz (50ohm) and
DC - 1 GHz (75 ohm), respectively. |
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UG |
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Symbol used to describe coaxial connectors that were
made to a government specification. This |
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specification is now obsolete. |
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UHF |
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Coaxial connector with screw type coupling mechanism
invented in the 1930's by Amphenol engineer E. |
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Clark Quackenbush for use in the
radio industry. Non-defined impedance. Frequency range
DC. |
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Ultra High Frequency (UHF) |
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A Federal Communications Commission designation for the
band from 300 MHz to 3,000 MGz (3GHz) on |
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the radio spectrum. |
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VSWR |
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See Voltage Standing Wave Ratio and Standing Wave Ratio.
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Wireless Glossary |
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3G |
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3G (third generation)mobile telephony gives you
high-speed access (up to 2mb/s). This may enable live
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pictures, camera etc. on your phone. Preceding 3G is
analogue (1G). Then came GSM (2G). Currently G |
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SM is now tested with GPRS(a "light version" of 3G.)
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AIN |
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Advanced Intelligent Networks |
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ASP (Active
Server Pages) |
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Serverside scripting technology to make interactive web
pages. Based on VBScript. |
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ATDMA |
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Advanced Time Division Multiple Access |
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AuC |
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Authentication Center |
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B (Byte) |
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1 byte = 8 bits. A byte is the smallest directly
addressable memory unit in modern computers. |
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Base
Transceiver Station |
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The network base station that talks to the mobile. |
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Bluetooth
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Get the name from the Danish king Harald 1 Bluetooth who
reigned from 940-985 A.D. .A radio |
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echnology
built around a new chip that makes it possible to
transmit signals over short distances |
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between
computers and handheld devices without the use of wires. |
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bps |
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Bits per second |
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BS |
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Base Station |
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BSC |
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Base Station Controller |
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Card |
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A WML card must exist inside a WML deck containing one
or more cards. |
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CDMA (Code
Division Multiple Access) |
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A technology for digital transmission of radio signals
between, for example, a mobile telephone and a |
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base station. The system uses the same frequency to
allow multiple conversations. Each conversation |
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is cut into snippets and then remodulated in reassembled
in the other end. |
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CLIP |
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Caller Line Identity Presentation |
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CLIR |
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Caller Line Identity Restriction |
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Control
Channel |
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The channel the phone and cell base station first
communicate on. |
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D-AMPS
(Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System) |
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Earlier designation of American standard for digital
mobile telephony used primarily in America, |
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Australia and parts of Russia and Asia. |
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Deck |
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A collection of WML cards. |
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DECT (Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications) |
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A standard for cordless telephony. |
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DTD |
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Document Type Definition. A DTD defines the names and
contents of all elements that are permissible |
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in a certain document. A DTD is used to specify XML
document structure. |
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Dual band |
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Dual band mobile phones can work on networks operating
different frequency bands. Often urban |
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areas operate on 1800, while suburbs use the 900-band.
This is especially useful if you travel abroad. |
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Some phones are able to switch between GSM 900,1800,1900
(tri-band) allowing you full coverage in |
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Europe, America and Asia. |
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EIR |
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Equipment Identity Register |
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ESN |
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Electronic Serial Number |
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FDMA |
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Frequency Division Multiple Access |
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HDML |
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Handheld Markup Language. Invented by phone.com,
predecessor to WML. |
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HLR |
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Home Location Register |
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HSCSD |
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(High Speed Circuit Switched Data). A circuit-linked
technology for higher transmission speed by |
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combining several GSM channels at the same time. This
may allow speeds up to 58 bps,far faster than |
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original GSM (9.6bps). For upload HSCSD is limited to
half the speed. This technology is the |
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predecessor of GPRS, which may deliver up to 115kbs. |
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IEMI |
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International Equipment Mobile Identity |
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IMEI |
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The IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)is a
15 digit Code used to identify the GSM/DCS/PCS |
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phone to the network. |
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IWF |
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Interworking Function (Modem) |
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Ki |
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Individual subscriber authentication key |
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LAI |
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Location Area Identity |
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MAN |
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Metropolitan Area Network. A MAN allows areas the size
of cities to be connected. |
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MB (Megabyte)
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1MB = 1024 kilobytes (KB) |
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MO-SMS |
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Mobile-Originated Short Message Service |
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MSC |
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Mobile Switching Centre - The computer that places the
calls, and takes and receives data from the |
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subscriber or
from PSTN (Public switched Telephone Network) |
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OMS |
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Operation and Maintenance Subsystem of the GSM network.
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PAN |
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Personal Area Networks. |
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PDA |
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Personal Digital Assistent. Usually a hand-held device,
such as the Palm Pilot or Psion. |
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PDC (Personal Digital Cellular) |
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A Japanese standard for digital mobile telephony (800
MHz and 1500 MHz bands). |
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PE |
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Primary Exchange |
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PHS (Personal Handyphone System) |
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Digital mobile telephone system according to Japanese
standard (1900Mhz). |
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PIN |
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Personal Identity Number |
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PUC |
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PIN Unblocking Code |
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Reverse Control Channel |
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The opposite frequency, 45 MHz lower than the control
channel. Used by the mobile. |
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Roaming |
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Means that your mobile phone automatically sets up
communication procedures with different radio |
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base stations
when you are on the move. International roaming means
that you can use networks other |
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than your own
when travelling abroad. Some phones allow for example
switching between 900/1800 in |
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Europe to 1900
in US. |
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Router |
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A data switch that handles connections between different
networks. A router identifies the addresses |
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on data
passing through the switch, determines which route the
transmission should take and collects |
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data in
"packets" which are sent to their destinations. |
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SET |
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SET (Secure Electronic Transaction) is a system for
ensuring the security of financial transactions over
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the Internet.
SET, may authenticate both user and merchant in order to
approve the transaction. |
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SGML |
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Standardised Generalised Markup Language. The mother of
all markup languages. XML is "SGML |
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light". HTML
is a loose application of SGML. |
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SMD-PP |
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Short Message Delivery Point-to-Point |
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SMS |
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Short Message Service |
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SMS (Short Message Service) |
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A service for sending messages of up to 160 characters
to mobile phones that use Global System for |
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Mobile (GSM) communication. GSM and SMS services are
primarily available in Europe. |
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SMSC |
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Short Message Service Centre |
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SMS-IWMSC |
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SMS Interworking Mobile Switching Center |
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SS7 |
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Signaling System 7 |
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SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) |
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Protocol for managing the security of message
transmissions in a network. The idea is that the |
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programming for keeping your messages confidential ought
to be contained in a program layer |
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between an application (such as your Web browser) and
the Internet¨s TCP/IP layers. The current rate |
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of SSL cryptation is 128. |
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TAP |
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Telocator Alphanumeric Protocol |
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TDMA |
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Time Division Multiple Access |
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UA |
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User Agent. Software that interprets WML, WMLScript,
WTAI and other forms of code. Explorer, |
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Netscape and Opera, are examples of UA´s) |
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UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) |
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The name for the third generation mobile telephone
standard in Europe. Also described as 3G. |
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VLR |
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Visitor Location Register |
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Voice channel |
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The channel you are assigned by the switch to commence
the call on after the exchange of subscriber |
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data. |
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VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) |
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Describes the process of transmitting voice via data IP
packages. |
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W3C |
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World Wide Web Consortium. |
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WAE |
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Wireless Application Environment. WAE specifies an
environment that allows operators and service |
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providers to build applications and services that can
reach a wide variety of different platforms. WAE is
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part of
the Wireless Application Protocol. |
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WAP |
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The Wireless Application Protocol is a family of
protocols allowing mobile devices to access wireless
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services. |
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WAP Forum |
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WAP Forum, an organization of several big internet and
telecom companies, develops the WAP |
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protocol. |
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WAP Gateway |
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WAP gateway is a two-way software. Its main function is
to offload the WAP mobile device from a lot of |
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computational layers. |
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WAP Server |
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A WAP server is a web server. The computer programmers
use WML instead of HTML. |
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WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) |
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Technology for wideband digital radio communications of
Internet, multimedia, video and others - |
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described
as 3G. |
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WDP |
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Wireless Datagram Protocol |
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WML |
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A programming language that use for develop a WAP
application. |
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WMLScript |
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Scripting language for WAP devices. Based on JavaScript,
but less powerful. |
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WSP |
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Wireless Session Protocol. Provides the upper-level
application layer of WAP with a consistent interface
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for two session services, a connection-mode service that
operates above a transaction layer protocol, |
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and a connectionless service that operates above a
secure or non-secure datagram transport service. |
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WTLS |
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Wireless Transport Layer Security. The "equivalent" to
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) widely used in the |
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HTML world -
although not identical in functionality. |
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WTP |
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Wireless Transaction Protocol |
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WYSIWYG |
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What You See Is What You Get. |
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XML |
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Extensible Markup Language. W3C´s standard for Internet
Markup Languages. WML is one of these |
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languages. |
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Copyright © Cmpter Electronics 2010 |
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